1984 Part 2 Ch. 4&5

Quote: "They simply swallowed everything, and what they swallowed did them no harm, because it left no residue behind, just as a grain of corn will pass undigested through the body of a bird"(156).

Significance: This quote is very significant because it shows how controlling the Party is. They can erase or swallow as much of the past as they would like. The people would never know because they have to believe what the Party says is right. The fact that they erase the past does not even bother them or harm them. The Party does not even leave evidence behind to prove if anything they say is true. The Party could even erase things and forget what is actually the true fact. No one really knows, including the Party, what is true and what is not because the past is erased with no evidence left behind.

Definitions: Bolster(136)-noun-a long, often cylindrical, cushion or pillow for a bed, sofa.
Deprecating(151)-verb-to express earnest disapproval of; to urge reasons against; protest against.

1984 Part 2 Ch. 3

Quote: "He wondered vaguely how many others like her might be in the younger generation-people who had grown up in the world of the Revolution, knowing nothing else, accepting the Party as something alterable, like the sky, not rebelling against its authority but simply evading it, as a rabbit dodges a dog"(131).


Significance: This quote is significant to me because I believe the younger generation will kind of get rid of the Party by breaking their laws. Winston was thinking his generation did not know anything about the Party when it began so they did not know what to expect. The younger generation has seen their parents, family, and friends have to obey things that were the most ridiculous things. They know a little more about the Party then Winston's generation did. The younger generation will rebel and break their rules to go against the Party. Maybe towards the end of the book the younger generation will break the Party and be free from them and do as they please. Or maybe it might just back fire and they will all be killed for going against the Party.



Definitions: Surname(127)-noun-the name that a person has in common with other family members, as distinguished from a Christian name or given name; family name.

Lagged(134)-verb-to fail to maintain a desired pace or to keep up; fall or stay behind.

1984 Part 2 Ch. 1

Quote: "At the sight of the words i love you the desire to stay alive had welled up in him, and the taking of minor risks suddenly seemed stupid"(109).



Significance: This quote is significant because it is a major turning point for Winston. In part one of the story, Winston had mentioned that he hated women. Now he tells us that he can not live without the woman he once wanted to smash her head into a cobblestone. Before he dreamed about her body and that's all he really wanted. He wants something more than her body now. For some reason I believe he will get into trouble if he keeps falling for this woman. Loving someone is something that makes you hope and desire. She gives him a reason to live and that is what Winston hopes and desires for is to live. Now he has a purpose too. There is something wrong with this because it is weird for someone to fall in love with someone else whom they have never gotten to know. They do not really know what the other person is like. Right? That is why I think that this quote is maybe foreshadowing Winston's death or him getting into serious trouble.



Definitions: Impenetrable(114)-adjective-inaccessible to ideas, influences, incapable of being understood; inscrutable; unfathomable

Intermittently(115)-adjective-stopping or ceasing for a time; alternately ceasing and beginning again

Notes on 1984 Ch. 7&8

Chapter 7

• "Until they become conscious they will never rebel, and until after they have rebelled they cannot become conscious"(70).
• Winston believed that in the past children had been sold to factories at the age of six.
• Their lives were pretty much planned
• Sexual Puritanism was allowed for the Party to do whenever they pleased. They would not be punished for doing so, but the people of Oceania would.
• Party's slogan: Proles and animals are free.
• Primae noctis was a law which allowed every capitalist had the right to sleep with any woman working in one of his factories.
• Winston made a discovery that Oceania was no longer at war with Eurasia
• The confessions had been rewritten and rewritten a hundred times until the original facts and dates no longer had the smallest significance.
• The past not only changed, but changed continuously.
• The immediate advantage of falsifying the past were obvious, but the ultimate motive was mysterious.
• The Party was so in control that they would, in the end, announce that two and two make five.
• The people were forced to believe this.
• The worst part about this was not that they would kill you for thinking otherwise, but that they might actually be right also. No one really knows the truth.
• "Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows"(81).

Chapter 8

• Ownlife: individualism and eccentricity.
• Streamer was a nickname for which the Proles applied to rocket bombs.
• A farthing, that was a small copper coin, looked something like a cent.
• "Oranges and lemons, say the bells of St. Clements, you owe the three farthing"(100).
• Routine of confession that had to be gone through: the groveling of the floor and screaming for mercy, the crack of broken bones, the smashed teeth, and bloody clots of hair.
• " We shall meet in a place where there is no darkness"(103).
• This is an imagined future no one can see.
• Winston goes back to the shop where he bought his diary.
• buys a piece of glass
• The store owner brings Winston to another room.
• Winston wants to rent the room that the store owner once used.
• Winston spots the woman that's been following him.
• Winston believes she was following him again.
• He thinks about if is going after her, but instead goes home to write
  in his diary.

1984 Ch.5&6

Quote: "She got two other girls to go with her, slipped off from the hike, and spent the whole afternoon following a strange man. They kept on his tail for two hours, right through the woods, and then, when they got into Amersham, handed him over to the patrols"(57).

Significance: This quote is significant because it shows how much the Party has control over the people. Even the children are turning people in. It also shows that they can not trust anyone, not even their family. The children probably know a littler more because they are younger and remember more then the adults. Nothing anyone says is safe from other people because most likely they will be turned in. I do not like how the children are being raised because of this Party. It needs to be changed.

Definitions: Disreputability(55)-adjective-having a bad reputation, dishonorable.
Alluring(64)-adjective-attractive, tempting.

1984 Ch. 4

Quote: "More commonly, people who had incurred the displeasure of the Party simply disappeared and were never heard of again. One never had the smallest clue as to what had happened to them. In some cases they might not even be dead. Perhaps thirty people personally known to Winston, not counting his parents, had disappeared at one time or another"(45).

Significance: This quote stands out to me because the Party has to much power. They can make someone leave the country or even kill them because that person thought something they should not have. The Party wipes out so much of the past and the history that nobody really knows if there friends and family whom have disappeared are even dead. Getting rid of the past confuses everyone. The people will never know if the Party is ever telling the truth. Winston could be told that someone in his family never existed, but they could be alive somewhere in another country or have died from an illness. Winston would never even know it because the Party is wiping out his past. I do not believe any of this is right and I hope that throughout the book it will change.

Definitions: Celibacy(47)-noun-abstention from sexual relations; abstention by vow from marriage; the state of being unmarried.

Saboteurs(47)-noun-someone who commits sabotage or deliberately causes wrecks.

1984 Ch. 2&3

Quote: "We shall meet in a place of darkness"(25).

Significance: This quote is significant because it tells us in the book that it foreshadowed O'Brien speaking to Winston out of the dark. I believe the darkness is represented as the totalitarian republic because they created this dark cloud so that they can choose the decisions for people and can hear every word spoken and action made inside peoples homes. I also believe that O'Brien can only speak to Winston in the darkness because they are forced to do what is told. Big brother is always watching and listening so the darkness is the only place people really can talk about anything. The people do not really have a chose about anything they do.

Definitions: Unorthodoxy(24)-adj. Breaking with convention or tradition.
Annihilated(34)-verb-to reduce to utter ruin or nonexistence; destroy utterly.

Othello Essay

Nicole Civitarese
English 10 Honors/ Mr. George
2/4/09
Othello Essay
Iago’s Motive
The play “Othello”, written by William Shakespeare, it has many twists and turns that cause changes in some characters actions due to Iago’s manipulative nature. There are points in the play where characters act sincere and trustworthy, but are the exact opposite. The character that best models this backstabbing and two-faced nature is Iago. Iago’s intentions are not fully understood by everyone because they never know if he is telling the truth or not. The motive that pushes Iago to being such a conniving person is jealousy. Iago creates a plan to manipulate people and ruin their lives because he is a jealous person. Iago’s motive of jealousy causes him to create a plan to take the lieutenant position from Cassio, and to destroy the love between Othello and Desdemona.
Iago is known, by others, as an honest man. He is actually the complete opposite of what people know him as. Iago proves that by saying, “I am not what I am” (Shakespeare 1.1.62). In the play, Iago is the most backstabbing, conniving character. Sadly, no other character can see the outcome of what Iago is trying to accomplish. Iago continues to be a trusted character throughout the play: “My life upon her faith! Honest Iago, My Desdemona I leave to thee” (1.3.288-290). Othello is trusting Iago enough to leave his wife with him because he must go and fight the Turks. He continues to trust Iago, even while Iago is backstabbing him. Iago manipulates Othello to obtain the position of Othello’s lieutenant.


Cassio had the position of Othello’s lieutenant and Iago wanted it. Iago only wanted it because he was jealous of Cassio and thought he deserved it more than him: “He, in good time, must his lieutenant be, and I God bless the mark! - his Moorship’s ancient” (1.1.28-30). Iago is jealous and angry. Iago states that he has served longer then Cassio, but Othello still chose Cassio. Iago feels very jealous because he wants that position. Iago hates Cassio and Othello because of this. Iago seeks revenge on the two of them because of his jealousy, and he wants to figure out a way to ruin their lives. Iago frames Cassio and makes him drink to get drunk: “Come lieutenant, I have a stoup of wine, and here without a brace of Cyprus gallants that would fain have a measure to heath of black Othello” (2.3.27-30). Iago wants Cassio to get in trouble with Othello to get his position taken away. When Othello finds out he takes the position of lieutenant away from Cassio. Iago continues his plan to convince Othello that Desdemona is cheating on him with Cassio. He creates this plan to get the position of lieutenant, but when he does receive the position, he does not stop there.
Iago’s jealousy made him destroy Othello and Desdemona’s relationship. Iago tells Othello that Desdemona and Cassio are having an affair. Othello starts to become jealous and angry so Iago tells Othello, “O, beware, my lord of jealousy! It is the green-eyed monster, which doth mock the meat it feeds on” (3.3.165-166). He tells Othello jealousy is bad and it only bothers people who let the jealousy get to them. Othello is buying into Iago’s sneaky plan and believing everything he says. Now that Iago has become lieutenant, he knows he must continue to complete the rest of his plan or people will know he was lying. Iago’s desire for better things, like destroying a loving relationship, also made him continue his evil plan; instead of, being pleased with what he got.

Iago now wants revenge on Othello. Iago keeps saying little things about Cassio and Desdemona to Othello to trigger his patience and anger. Othello keeps buying into the nonsense and believes Desdemona is cheating on him. Desdemona has been faithful the whole time and Othello believes the opposite because of Iago. Iago gives Cassio a handkerchief, the first gift Othello gave Desdemona, which makes Othello angrier. Othello is so convinced that Desdemona is cheating, he wants Cassio and Desdemona dead. Before Othello could realize the truth he kills Desdemona. When she is dead he finally realizes Iago is pure evil and was lying the entire time. “Are there no stones in heaven/ But what serve for the thunder? Precious villain!”(5.2.231-232). Othello furious at Iago, calls him a villain and wishes death upon him. Othello realizing Iago was lying the whole time opened up his eyes to what Iago had done. In the end, everyone realized what Iago really was all along.
Iago was untrustworthy and conniving, and his true motive of jealousy was revealed. Iago’s revenge was complete, but he never actually said, out loud, what he did. Iago only said he told Othello what he thought was happening between Cassio and Desdemona: “I told him what I thought, and told him no more than what he found himself was apt and true” (5.2.273-274). Iago told Othello what he thought and Othello just believed it; instead of, finding out for himself. Othello killed Desdemona and then himself because he assumed everything Iago said was true. Jealousy is just an over powering emotion, that causes trouble and pain.
Jealousy is an evil emotion that drives people to do evil things. Iago was definitely mistaken for an honest man. He proofs this by manipulating others and ruining their lives. He also destroys the love between Othello and Desdemona because of his jealousy and striving for revenge. Jealousy is what drove Iago and Othello to their actions. It is something they both have

and they both let it get the best of them. Iago let the jealousy destroy others lives and Othello let someone else help his jealousy. Jealousy is an evil emotion that causes everyone to change how they act. People just need to know how to grow out of it and just be happy with what they have. Both Iago and Othello did not seem to want to grow out of it causing them to change their actions and do evil things.